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Goals, Objectives, Actions, and Indicators

Suggested by Members of the Community and City Staff People
for Consideration by City Circles


This document is part of the draft plan for sustainability for the City of San Francisco. The plan is meant to be put into final form, and implemented, by the residents of San Francisco. A series of drafting groups called "City Circles" will meet on the various topics addressed in the plan, and come up with 1) long-term goals for the City, 2) objectives for the next five years and to reach sustainability, 3) actions that individuals, business, and city government will take to achieve these goals, and 4) objective measures for assessing whether the goals have been achieved.

Over a period of several months in fall, 1994 and spring, 1995, groups of volunteers* compiled the following suggestions of objectives, goals, actions, and indicators for the consideration and assistance of the City Circles. Information was gathered from the Green Plans of other cities and countries around the world, and formed a groundwork for the material that follows. It is meant to be a starting point; to provide people working on the plan with the benefit of the work that has been done elsewhere.

A more detailed description of the categories' structure is as follows:

    Goals are supposed to be very general, and speak to the basic human/ecosystem needs that are to be addressed. For instance, this is where one would address people's need to travel and move goods, rather than the need to have an efficient bus system (that's a strategy for getting the travel done).

    Objectives for the Year 2001 should be significant, quantifiable and possible to reach in five years.

    Objectives to Reach Sustainability are what it would really take to make the city sustainable, that is, able to operate in the long term within its resources, maintaining a healthy environment and a high quality of life for its citizens.

    Actions are steps the city can take to achieve the goals listed above.

    Indicators are meant to be numerical measurements that 1) are obvious in what is being measured (for instance, something like "improvement of water quality in the Bay" is too general and one might argue what it could mean), 2) can be found given the current information-gathering machinery, 3) clearly indicate a trend toward or against sustainability, 4) are understandable to the general public and the media.

Topics are located as follows:

TOPIC


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Agriculture

GOALS

OBJECTIVES FOR THE YEAR 2001

(5-year plan)

LONG-TERM OBJECTIVES TO REACH SUSTAINABILITY ACTIONS

INDICATORS

(arrow points in direction of change for the better)

To maintain the basic natural processes indispensable for a sustainable agricultural sector notably by conservation of water, soil and genetic resources.

To decrease the input of chemicals to the point that none of these processes are affected.

To maintain sufficient local agricultural resources to minimize long-distance shipping of the city's foodstuffs.

To maximize food production within the city itself.
To increase public urban gardens from 100 to 200.

To have established a greenbelt in the Bay Area in which local agricultural land is preserved.

To have established a system of incentives encouraging owners of undeveloped land to return it to agricultural uses.

To have a network of farmer's markets operating in every neighborhood of the city.

To have developed neighborhood-garden food production plans.
To raise enough food within the bioregion to feed the population of the city.

To grow all food using non-chemical techniques.

To provide what transport is necessary for foodstuffs using non-polluting vehicles.

Actively facilitate the establishment of farmer's markets throughout the city.

Provide public education about the benefits of locally grown, unpackaged, organic food.

Become an active participant in regional efforts to preserve local agricultural land.

Establish a preference at city institutions for locally grown, fresh food.

Feature locally and organically grown, fresh food in public gathering places such as Golden Gate Park, the cable car turnaround, and Fisherman's Wharf.

Promote the establishment of urban gardening plots on public and private land, and where possible, on rooftops.

Allow the planting of fruit and nut trees on streets and establish a harvesting program to prevent the fruit drop from becoming a hazard.

Percentage of locally sold food raised by organic or IPM methods

Number and size of farmer's markets within the city limits.

Percentage of locally sold food raised within 100 miles of city limits.

Percentage of food grown within city limits.

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Air Quality

GOALS

OBJECTIVES FOR THE YEAR 2001

(5-year plan)

LONG-TERM OBJECTIVES TO REACH SUSTAINABILITY ACTIONS

INDICATORS

(arrow points in direction of change for the better)

To effectively protect all citizens against recognized health risks of air pollution, including indoor air pollution.

To prevent the depletion of natural barriers against ultraviolet rays.

To eliminate human causes to climate change.

To maintain an air quality that does not produce negative effects on human health or the health of our lakes and forests.

To maintain air clarity.

To prevent pollution damage to buildings and infrastructure.
To have reduced number of vehicle trips and vehicle miles traveled by 10% from 1995 levels.

To have reduced San Francisco's contribution to greenhouse gases by 20%.
To have eliminated means of travel that cause chemical pollution of the atmosphere.

To have eliminated San Francisco's contribution to greenhouse gases.

To have eliminated production and use of ozone-depleting gases.

To have eliminated production and use of gases and vapors which are harmful to the health of plants, animals or humans.

Support innovative incentives and programs that promote use of public transportation, biking and pedestrian access in favor of the private motor vehicles throughout the city.

Support efforts to improve the efficiency of the city's public transit system to increase use of transit.

Complete and adopt an Air Quality Element as part of its Master Plan and ensure that its policies are implemented. Land-use planning policies should consider localized air quality impacts as an important factor in neighbor-hood development projects. Policies should also encourage a jobs/housing balance to reduce auto trips.

Include in land-use planning policies air quality impacts and health risks near major urban infrastructure, such as freeways and major roadways, as well as major point sources such as industrial facilities.

Establish appropriate buffer zones from freeways and industrial facilities that emit air pollutants and toxic emissions.

Maintain necessary financing levels of public transportation services.

Expand public transportation through market-based strategies.

Increase bridge tolls and parking fees in order to discourage driving, lower vehicle emissions and encourage use of public transportation.

Reduce downtown parking as an incentive for use of public transit. Establish incentives for City departments to use non-toxic or less toxic materials for all uses (e.g. alternative paving materials).

Citywide and localized (identified hot-spot) levels of

  1. ozone
  2. carbon-monoxide
  3. suspended particulants
  4. oxides of nitrogen
  5. sulfur dioxide
  6. lead

Muni ridership

Number of bicycle commuters and people using bicycles for errands

Aggregate measure of vehicle-miles traveled per person

Number of vehicle trips per person

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Economy and Economic Development

GOALS

OBJECTIVES FOR THE YEAR 2001

(5-year plan)

LONG-TERM OBJECTIVES TO REACH SUSTAINABILITY ACTIONS

INDICATORS

(arrow points in direction of change for the better)

To maximize economic activity to create a high quality of life for San Franciscans, while maintaining a healthy environment. To have increased environmentally sustainable economic activity in the local economy by 10%. To create a vibrant, environmentally sustainable local economy employing no unsustainable practices, such as the use of fossil fuels. Revise land use and environmental management and controls.

Revise economic development programs.

Make Green municipal purchasing, operations, investment, and policy decisions
Percentage of energy consumed coming from renewable sources.

Percentage of the economy involved in the renewable energy and recycling-related industries.

Percentage of employed residents in local jobs.

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Energy, Climate Change, and Ozone Depletion

GOALS

OBJECTIVES FOR THE YEAR 2001

(5-year plan)

LONG-TERM OBJECTIVES TO REACH SUSTAINABILITY ACTIONS

INDICATORS

(arrow points in direction of change for the better)

To increase citywide energy efficiency such that its energy needs can be met by renewable energy resources.

To eliminate the production and use of ozone-depleting gases.

To establish the City government as a model for sustainable energy use.

To eliminate the production and use of greenhouse gases which cannot be recycled through the atmosphere and reused.

To establish an effective energy emergency preparedness system

To have reduced the ratio of citywide energy use to renewable energy supply from 11:1 to 9:1.

To have switched 25% of all new equipment purchases to high-efficiency models.

To have established an information distribution system by which energy information is presented to all citizens, workers, and students via multiple media.

To have written, enacted, and begun enforcing new codes for high-efficiency buildings.

To have installed 2,000 solar water -heating and solar electric systems.

To have written, enacted, and begun enforcing new solar codes for new construction and renovations.

To have converted 2% of all vehicles registered in the City to renewable energy fuels.

To have reduced vehicle ownership.

To have established a network of "slow streets" throughout the city.

To have establish several fossil-fuel-free zones.

To have built one renewable energy plant to serve San Francisco.

To have begun a comprehensive program to recover CFC's from AC units and refrigerators.

To have planted 50,000 trees.

To have established as common and required practice the incorporation of state-of-the-art energy efficient technologies and practices into the design of all City construction and retrofit projects.

To have put in place budget incentives to conserve energy for all City departments.

To have instituted the practice of purchasing all energy-using equipment and materials based on lowest life-cycle cost.

To have instituted procedures so that all critical local government functions are prepared for off-grid or off-site operation and all employees are aware of procedures for energy independence in an emergency.

To reduce ratio of citywide energy use to renewable energy supply to 1:1.

To integrate energy efficiency into all purchasing and end-use decision-making.

To design new buildings and renovations for maximum efficiency.

To incorporate passive and active renewable energy systems in all buildings.

All vehicles use renewable energy.

To reduce vehicle use and increase bicycle and pedestrian trips.

The City is a fossil-fuel-free zone.

Local utility-scale power plants will be of solar, wind, biomass and/or ocean technology.

To eliminate ozone-depleting gases and the use of materials containing ozone-depleting gases.

To grow trees in every possible place compatible with natural ecosystems.

To reach maximum possible energy-efficiency in City government facilities.

To minimize energy demand in City buildings.

To incorporate energy efficiency into the budget process.

To purchase all energy-consuming items in the City based on lowest life-cycle cost

To ensure continuity of critical City functions after a serious curtailment of energy supplies.

Establish promotional and incentive programs for purchases of high-efficiency buildings, vehicles, and energy using equipment.

Integrate energy awareness into all public and private educational and training programs.

Enforce and upgrade existing codes (Title 24, RECO and CECO) and develop new codes.

Start incentive programs for renewable energy systems.

Establish awareness and training programs for building owners and officials.

Establish incentives for conversion to renewable energy resources.

Construct electric and hydrogen fueling stations.

Establish vehicle co-ops or rental centers in every neighborhood.

Re-design streets and the signal system to benefit buses, bicycles and pedestrians, e.g., setting aside bus bubbles.

The City to work with one neighborhood to develop a "slow streets" and transit plan.

Establish a downtown fossil-fuel-free zone.

Study renewable resources in San Francisco and nearby areas.

Create incentives for tree planting.

Expand the training program for City design and maintenance staff on efficient lighting and HVAC design practices.

Implement a large-scale energy retrofit program for City buildings.

Create budget incentives for City departments to save energy.

Institute life-cycle-cost training for City purchasers.

Propose and enact a lowest life-cycle-cost purchasing policy.

Establish employee training in both the public and private sectors for conservation and contingency procedures; management and capital program for energy reserves and "off-siting" arrangements.

Energy use (from utility data).

Vehicle fossil fuel sales.

Vehicle electric and hydrogen fuel use.

Number of alternative-fuel vehicles (from DMV data).

Number of registered vehicles.

Quantity of CFC's recovered.

Number of tree-planting permits.

Number of school children including energy use in curriculum.

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Environmental Justice

GOALS

OBJECTIVES FOR THE YEAR 2001

(5-year plan)

LONG-TERM OBJECTIVES TO REACH SUSTAINABILITY ACTIONS

INDICATORS

(arrow points in direction of change for the better)

To have no one segment of the population shoulder a disproportionate share of the negative environmental impacts caused by pollution or other byproducts of unsustainable development. To have ensured that city services are provided equitably to all segments of the population and to have established environmental justice as an objective in each department's management review.

To have established a city body whose responsibility it is to act as an advocate of minority and low-income communities for priority site clean-up and other environmental services which are in limited supply.
To create a society in which benefits and burdens are shared by all Include site demographics in planning for new development.

Establish a city body to examine the magnitude of the disproportionate concentration of environmental hazards imposed on people of color and low-income communities.
Incidence of disease "clusters" disproportionately located in low-income neighborhoods.

Number of transit lines and frequency of service per unit of population in low-income neighborhoods compared to the city at large.

Incidence of robbery and homicide per unit of population in low-income neighborhoods compared to the city at large.

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Hazardous Materials

GOALS

OBJECTIVES FOR THE YEAR 2001

(5-year plan)

LONG-TERM OBJECTIVES TO REACH SUSTAINABILITY ACTIONS

INDICATORS

(arrow points in direction of change for the better)

To eliminate chemical impacts on human health.

To eliminate chemical impacts on the environment.
To have brought 50% of businesses and public and private institutions into compliance with applicable federal, State and local regulation for storage and handling of hazardous materials.

To have reduced export of hazardous waste out of the City by 25%.

To have trained 10% of residents and small businesses in waste prevention and elimination of hazardous waste.

To have remediated 25% of "Superfund" hazardous waste sites to the level defined as acceptable for commercial use.

All public institutions will have switched to using least-toxic alternatives for cleaning and maintenance.

To have incorporated the principle and practice that the "polluter pays" in appropriate local regulatory and enforcement practices.
To bring all businesses and public and private institutions into compliance with applicable federal, State and local regulations for storage and handling of hazardous materials.

To manage toxics pursuant to a coordinated State and regional hazardous waste management plan.

To reduce hazardous waste exports to zero.

To reduce hazardous waste illegally or improperly disposed of to zero.

To have no sites which suffer from contamination caused by excessive chemicals.
Develop facilities needed to recycle, treat, store, transfer and dispose of county, regional and State hazardous waste.

Create fiscal incentives for businesses to modify technical processes or equipment to manufacture their products with a reduced production of hazardous waste, and with less hazardous material used in the manufacturing process.

Increase the monitoring of businesses which generate significant amounts of hazardous waste.

Set up a means for tracking the City's use of toxic and hazardous materials. Collaborate with other cities and nonprofit organizations to establish a database of least-toxic products in common municipal use, and implement a policy of using the least-toxic alternative.
Weight of hazardous material discards per household and business.

Number of households and small businesses utilizing the Household Hazardous Waste Facility or participating in neighborhood collection days.

Amount of toxic and hazardous materials purchased by the city government of San Francisco.

Amount of toxic and hazardous materials purchased in the city of San Francisco by private citizens.

Pollutant levels from wastewater discharge.

Number of deaths from accidental chemical poisonings of children.

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Human Health

GOALS

OBJECTIVES FOR THE YEAR 2001

(5-year plan)

LONG-TERM OBJECTIVES TO REACH SUSTAINABILITY ACTIONS

INDICATORS

(arrow points in direction of change for the better)

To minimize sickness, malnutrition, mental illness and alienation from nature.

To minimize illness and death due to personal choices: suicide, substance-abuse, smoking, venereal disease, poor nutrition, use of toxic products, and lack of exercise.

To minimize injury and death due to outside actors or chance: violent crime, traffic and industrial accidents, second-hand smoke, pollution, radiation poisoning.

To ensure the humane treatment of animals used for experimental purposes.

To have reduced:

    The prevalence of overweight adults (20+ years) to less than 20%.

    The prevalence of current smokers (20+ years) to less than 15%.

    (Numerical targets represent number per 100,000 of population:) Alcohol-related motor vehicle deaths to fewer than 8.5.

    Cirrhosis deaths to fewer than 6.

    Drug-related deaths to fewer than 3.

    Homicide deaths to fewer than 7.2.

    Suicide deaths to fewer than 10.5.

    Weapons-related deaths to fewer than 12.6.

    Unintentional injury deaths to fewer than 29.3.

    Work-related injuries to fewer than 6/100,000 workers.

    The number of infant deaths to fewer than 7/1000 live births.

    Coronary heart disease deaths to fewer than 100.

    Deaths due to stroke to fewer than 20.

    Diabetes deaths to fewer than 34.

    The incidence of gonorrhea to fewer than 225 and syphilis to 10.

    The incidence of diphtheria, polio, measles and rubella to 0 and mumps to 60.

    The incidence of hepatitis to fewer than 40.

    The incidence of tuberculosis to fewer than 3.5.

To have increased to 90% the proportion of women who receive prenatal care in the 1st trimester.

To have reversed the rise of all cancer deaths to achieve a rate of fewer than 130.

Reduce all of the targets for 2001 to 0. Continue the many excellent health care programs now offered by San Francisco, and lobby for increases in funding at the State and federal levels.

Increase preventative health programs.

Actively work on an interdepartmental basis to improve pedestrian and bicycle access to the city streets to improve the general level of fitness of the population.

Expand testing of the city's children for environmental contamination such as lead poisoning.

Examine the incidence of health problems on a neighborhood scale, to help determine if possible environmental factors are at play.

Begin to address the issue of the treatment of experimental animals within the city's borders by establishing a task force to recommend future action.
Number of deaths from cancer.

Percentage of the population that smokes.

Number of deaths from homicide.

Percentage of women receiving prenatal care during pregnancy.

Percentage of the population that rides a bicycle to work or for recreation.

Percentage of the population infected with the HIV virus.

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Municipal Expenditures

GOALS

OBJECTIVES FOR THE YEAR 2001

(5-year plan)

LONG-TERM OBJECTIVES TO REACH SUSTAINABILITY ACTIONS

INDICATORS

(arrow points in direction of change for the better)

To make the most efficient use of the resources collected from taxpayers in the provision of city services.

To use the economic clout of the City to strengthen the Green products market.

To reduce, reuse or recycle items purchased by each department, and to insure that a variety of recycled products are purchased or created by the city.

To use life-cycle cost factors when purchasing goods and designing capital facilities.

To include to the extent possible recycled materials in designs for capital improvements.
To have increased the purchase of recycled products by 20%.

To have met the five-year goals set by the study of construction materials and supplies listed in "actions."

To have met the five-year goals set by the study of toxic products reductions listed in "actions."

To have established criteria for a life-cycle cost program.
Purchases made by the city should be vastly reduced, with electronic media largely replacing paper; and reuse of city property replacing most original purchases.

To ensure that all purchases are made from renewable resources and food grown organically.

Nearly 100% of the waste stream of the city should go to recycling, reuse, or composting.
Inventory current practices, targeting items for reduction, reuse or recycling.

Where possible, purchase materials made from renewable resources.

Maximize the quantity and diversity of recycled items purchased by the City by setting goals for 1) the amount of supplies and construction materials to be reduced, reused or recycled and 2) items purchased or created from post-consumer products.

Set goals for reducing toxic products used by the City.

Establish criteria for a life-cycle cost program. Require life-cycle cost factors to be used to determine the true cost of items, and include this valuation in the annual budget.

Use life-cycle cost factors when purchasing goods and designing capital facilities; designs for capital improvements should use recycled materials to the extent possible.
Percentage of recycled printing and writing paper containing at least 20% post-consumer content purchased by the city.

Weight of pesticides purchased by the City and County.

Proportion of departmental budgets allocated to paper and office supplies.

Percentage of city offices that are determined to be "energy efficient."

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Noise

GOALS

OBJECTIVES FOR THE YEAR 2001

(5-year plan)

LONG-TERM OBJECTIVES TO REACH SUSTAINABILITY ACTIONS

INDICATORS

(arrow points in direction of change for the better)

To minimize the negative impact of noise on all people living and working in San Francisco, and on sensitive animal habitats. To have drafted and begun implementation on a comprehensive noise reduction strategy for the city. Maintain an environment sufficiently quiet that noise will not impair the quality of urban life or the ability of wild animals to reproduce successfully.

Enforce noise emission standards for public and private vehicles.

Impose traffic restrictions to reduce transportation noise.

Limit City purchases of vehicles to models with the lowest noise emissions and adequately maintain City-owned vehicles and travel surfaces to minimize use.

Support the use of new tire formulations which reduce friction with the road, which is a major cause of vehicular noise.

Regulate use of emergency sirens.

Expand the number of electric-powered buses.

Discourage changes in streets which will result in greater traffic noise in noise-sensitive areas.

Promote site planning, building orientation and design, and interior layout that will lessen noise intrusion.

Maintain sufficient staffing in City agencies to review and enforce noise insulation requirements in new construction.

Construct physical barriers to reduce noise transmission from heavy traffic carriers.

Discourage new uses in areas in which the noise level exceeds the noise compatibility guidelines for that use.

Consider the relocation to more appropriate areas of those land uses which need more quiet and cannot be effectively insulated from noise in their present location, as well as those land uses which are noisy and are presently in noise-sensitive areas.

Locate new noise-generating development so that the noise impact is reduced.

Annual number of citizens complaints to the Noise Abatement Bureau of the Police Department.

Estimated number of gasoline-powered vehicles on city streets.

Number of electric trolley buses and other electric vehicles.

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Open Space: Inland Lakes and Streams, Natural Habitat, AND BIODIVERSITY

GOALS

OBJECTIVES FOR THE YEAR 2001

(5-year plan)

LONG-TERM OBJECTIVES TO REACH SUSTAINABILITY ACTIONS

INDICATORS

(arrow points in direction of change for the better)

To ensure that remnant habitats are protected, conserved, and restored.

To manage watershed lands to protect natural systems.

To ensure that biodiversity of species are conserved. [See that section.]

To ensure that shoreline and bay wetlands contribute to the ecological health of the Bay and ocean.

To ensure the existence of healthy creeks and streams to provide habitat for aquatic and riparian life and to improve groundwater quality.

To encourage a greater understanding and appreciation of the value of local and global diversity.

To gain a greater understanding of the biodiversity of San Francisco.

To conserve biodiversity and biological and genetic resources

To have healthy and diverse local natural ecosystems that can support a broad range of

species.

To have no net loss of existing remnant natural habitats.

To have restored 25% of natural areas, including remnant wetlands, whose ecosystems are now in decline.

To have restored water quality in 100% of the City's inland lakes and streams to conditions that maintain sustainable, diverse populations of marine animals.

To have brought 75% of remaining natural habitat in San Francisco into the public domain.

To have eliminated any additional "culverting" or channelization of City creeks, and to have restored remaining natural creeks to their estimated original flows.

To have limited new development in the headwaters of creeks.

To have limited new development in riparian zones.

To have developed neighborhood green-space plans in coordination with food-production plans.

To have incorporated a biodiversity curriculum into San Francisco's public school system.

To have completed a biological inventory of the species of plants and animals found in San Francisco's open spaces, including city parks and the Golden Gate National Recreation Area.

To have developed policies to encourage the conservation of biodiversity and the sustainable use of biological and genetic resources.

To have completed a management plan that addresses native, non-native and feral species.

To have restored habitat and reintroduced native plants to 25% of the local open spaces designated as possible to restore.

To restore all local habitats, including wetlands, to natural, functioning conditions that support a diversity of wildlife.

To connect San Francisco's natural areas to a regional greenbelt.

To improve water quality in the Bay to levels that support a diverse aquatic ecosystem.

To ensure that fresh water is allowed to enter the Bay in quantities that stop salt-water incursion into the Delta.

To restore as many creeks as possible to their natural settings.

To maintain a sustainable balance of non-native and native species.

To achieve stabilized or growing populations of local animal species, including fish.

To maintain a local natural space stock of sufficient size and ecosystem health that it is able to support a diversity of species and provide a stopping place for transit species.

To provide native plant corridors through the city and linking with the Bay Area Greenbelt so that animals are not trapped in small islands of natural area.

Practice appropriate land uses on watershed lands.

Enact and enforce open space requirements for new developments which direct the development or restoration of habitats for wildlife.

Include biodiversity as part of the planning criteria for landscaping of all the city's open spaces.

Prevent pollution from entering streams and the Bay by encouraging the minimization of use of toxic materials, and by requiring proper disposal of waste materials.

Establish creekside conservation zones.

Preserve native creekside vegetation.

Regularly check for erosion and correct problems promptly.

Manage the City's watershed areas in support of the Bay Delta environmental proposals for fisheries.

Use the formal education system to increase awareness about biodiversity and the need for its conservation.

Develop formal biodiversity curriculum that focuses on San Francisco.

Cooperate with the Regional Water Quality Control Board to improve Bay water quality and support research into the reasons why fish populations in the Bay have declined.

Work with neighboring jurisdictions and regional agencies to support fish populations whose populations have declined for known reasons.

Promote public awareness of biodiversity by working with local community groups; libraries; non-profit institutions; museums; zoos; and local, State and national organizations.

Develop a biological inventory for San Francisco. Organize local scientists, students, public and private institutions to participate in the inventory.

Develop city policies that seriously address the issues of non-native species and feral animals for all open spaces in the city.

Include preservation and well-being of San Francisco's native species and transitive wildlife in the functional responsibilities of a city department.

Develop a habitat restoration plan and program for San Francisco's open spaces.

Promote local stewardship of species and habitats by promoting public participation in habitat restoration and species reintroduction.

Increase the use of native plants in public gardens and open space.

Promote the use of native plants in private gardens, and work with the California Native Plant Society, Strybing Arboretum, and other similar organizations to provide easy access to San Francisco native plants for horticultural use.

Acres of open space in natural settings.

Water quality in inland lakes, measuring the following criteria:

  1. Acidity

  2. Dissolved heavy metals

  3. Dissolved oxygen.

Number of bird species sighted annually within the city limits.

Length of creeks in natural settings.

Salmon run populations below Hetch-Hetchy dam.

Populations of native species.

Populations of non-native species in designated natural areas.

Number of fish species found in the Bay.

Populations within fish species.

Number of bird species sighted each year.

Acres of habitat restored in San Francisco.

Miles of public trails

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Open Space: Parks, Public Spaces and the Streetscape

GOALS

OBJECTIVES FOR THE YEAR 2001

(5-year plan)

LONG-TERM OBJECTIVES TO REACH SUSTAINABILITY ACTIONS

INDICATORS

(arrow points in direction of change for the better)

To ensure that neighborhoods have access to safe and attractive parks and open spaces.

To attain a streetscape that encourages bicycle and pedestrian use.

To create a diverse and healthy urban forest.

To provide an opportunity for economic self-sufficiency through community gardens and urban agriculture. [See the Agriculture section.]

To ensure that residents and visitors to the city have access to many clean, safe, and beautifully landscaped public spaces.

To highlight the uniqueness of our city, and to conserve water, by featuring local plant material as much as possible in park and square landscaping.

To ensure that residents and visitors to the city are not inconvenienced by lack of clean, safe, and convenient restroom facilities.

To promote the reuse of compost and organic materials in city parks and open spaces. [See the Solid Waste section.]

To maintain facilities in good repair.

To ensure that those in the City with special needs: children, the elderly, the mobility-impaired, and others, have safe and ample opportunities for recreation and the enjoyment of nature.

To have increased park land in the city by 5%.

To have implemented a maintenance plan that achieves basic standards of use and cleanliness in existing park facilities.

To have eliminated most graffiti (ongoing removal), litter, and debris dumping in city-owned parks and open spaces.

To have completed a plan for additional decorative landscaping and public amenities in the neighborhood commercial districts of San Francisco.

To have achieved a street-tree density of 200 trees per mile of city streets.
To achieve a quantity and quality of open space, parks, city squares, and other landscaped areas at least equal to those of the great cities of Europe.

To maintain all landscaped areas in a timely, competent, and cost-effective fashion.

To provide planting and replanting at an estimated level of 5,000 trees per year to maintain and replace trees in parks and on the streets.

To integrate the new open spaces of Treasure Island, Mission Bay, Hunters Point and other redevelopment areas into the city's landscaped fabric.

To provide every neighborhood of the city with comparable park and recreation resources.

Ban additional development in parks and open spaces.

Increase funding for maintenance and restoration of facilities.

Develop a reforestation plan and inventory for the urban forest.

Promote citizen tree-planting initiatives.

Encourage home planting of fruit and ornamental trees.

Continue to enforce open space requirements for new developments.

Promote shoreline trails as part of the Bay Trail.

Promote open space and recreation as part of the Treasure Island Reuse Plan and the Hunters Point Shipyard reuse plan.

Acres of open space per person.

Facility repair backlog.

Number of trees per mile of city streets.

Number of trees planted or replanted in parks.

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Public Information and Education

GOALS

OBJECTIVES FOR THE YEAR 2001

(5-year plan)

LONG-TERM OBJECTIVES TO REACH SUSTAINABILITY ACTIONS

INDICATORS

(arrow points in direction of change for the better)

To maintain a well-educated society in which both children and adults are provided the opportunity to acquire skills that are useful in the job market, an appreciation of music and art, facility in reading and writing, an understanding of their own health and that of the natural world, and a shared sense of social ethics.

To require that products sold in the city carry full and truthful information about their contents and the product's potential effect on the environment and human health.

To disseminate information that provides practical information on to the public living sustainably, such as how to insulate, how to clean without chemicals, and save water.

To have reduced the high-school drop-out rate by 25%.

To have increased the number of local youths who enter higher education majoring in the sciences by 20%.

To have returned music, art, and physical education classes to all public schools.

To have reduced the estimated number of people in San Francisco who cannot read English by 25%.

To have restructured high school physical education classes to feature activities that are common among adults, such as tennis and jogging, rather than team sports that few can continue after leaving school.

To have provided public education programs for energy conservation, waste prevention, water conservation, composting and toxics avoidance at a level higher than 1995's level.

To expand appropriate environmental information available to businesses.

To ensure that every resident of San Francisco has the opportunity to acquire an education sufficient to allow them to maintain a livelihood.

To provide technical education that produces a sufficient number of scientists who effectively produce non-polluting products and technology.

To produce a local population that is familiar with the interrelated effect of human actions and the environment, and techniques for living with the least negative impact.
Provide a complete environmental curriculum in the public schools, and work to share course study information with the private school system.

Improve the teaching of science and math.

Reduce the number of hours of television their children watch per day by a public education effort aimed at parents.

Continue and expand current public education programs for energy conservation, waste prevention, water conservation, composting and toxics avoidance.

Lobby at the State and federal level to improve the environmental labeling of products, for instance by clearly marking those that should be disposed of as hazardous waste.

Percentage of San Francisco students who graduate from high school.

Percentage of elementary students who are taught an environmental curriculum.

Percentage of high school students who complete four years of mathematics.

Percentage of people learning English among newcomer populations.

Estimated hours per day of television viewing among school-age people.

Percentage of San Francisco schools, public and private, that offer art, music and physical education classes.

Number of hours city libraries are open.

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Risk Management

GOALS

OBJECTIVES FOR THE YEAR 2001

(5-year plan)

LONG-TERM OBJECTIVES TO REACH SUSTAINABILITY ACTIONS

INDICATORS

(arrow points in direction of change for the better)

To limit the risk of environmental/health danger of 1) industrial safety 2) biotechnology, 3) nuclear technology, and 4) readiness for civil emergency To have updated the city's emergency management plan for earthquake, fire, and other common disasters.

To have completed a city emergency management plan that includes the release of nuclear material and potentially harmful biological material.

Increase participation in the San Francisco Fire Department's Neighborhood Emergency Response Teams (NERT) program.
To ensure that avoidable catastrophes are avoided, and that unavoidable disasters result in the least possible damage to health, property, and the environment. Strengthen the dialog between city government and industry.

Expand use of the environmental audit.

Promote the best available technology not entailing excessive costs.

Promote self-regulation.

Train citizens and representatives of industry and commerce in emergency response.
Number of fires.

Number of citable incidents of improper handling and storage of hazardous waste.

Number of citizens participating in Neighborhood Emergency Response Teams (NERT).

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Solid Waste

GOALS

OBJECTIVES FOR THE YEAR 2001

(5-year plan)

LONG-TERM OBJECTIVES TO REACH SUSTAINABILITY ACTIONS

INDICATORS

(arrow points in direction of change for the better)

To ensure that the natural resources from which products are made are used as efficiently as possible.

To reduce San Franciscan's per capita share of world resource usage while maintaining a high quality of life.

To ensure that the value of resources that have to be used is retained for later use.

To have reduced the per-capita garbage production rate from 7.5 lbs. per person per day to 6 lbs.

To have trained 1% of the city's residents in source reduction practices.

To have expanded the number of firms committed to buying recycled paper and other products to 20% of the city's businesses.

To have maximizes the quantity and diversity of materials collected for recycling: 50% of waste stream to be diverted.

To have expanded backyard composting operations to 15% of single-family residences.

To send no sewage sludge to landfill; instead composting it or otherwise putting it to useful work.

To reduce per capita discard level to 1 lb. per person per day; stabilize population at current levels.

To have no waste going to landfill.

To have most discards diverted to reuse, recycling, or alternative use.

To have replaced wood-based paper with field crops such as kenaf or with electronic media.

Expand recycling collection in the commercial sector.

Expand at-home composting to reach 10% of households.

Change apartment-building rates to create incentives for building-wide composting.

Eliminate the use of single-side copying for City documents.

Establish and have operating a city-wide materials exchange bureau.

Establish composting facilities capable of accepting San Francisco's entire waste stream of commercial compostables.

Recycle all organic matter from the Zoo and city parks in composting and chipping operations.

Weight of discards per person.

Tonnage diverted from landfill into recycling, reuse and composting.

Home composters as percent of population.

Tons of 100% recycled paper sold in the city each year (calculated from the recycled content of paper with mixed virgin/recycled content, as well as paper with no virgin content); percentage of all paper sold.

Paper-product purchases by the City of San Francisco.

Use of recycled paper and other products by the City government.

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Transportation

GOALS

OBJECTIVES FOR THE YEAR 2001

(5-year plan)

LONG-TERM OBJECTIVES TO REACH SUSTAINABILITY ACTIONS

INDICATORS

(arrow points in direction of change for the better)

To reduce energy consumption and air pollution required to provide residents and tourists with access to jobs, goods, services, schools, recreation, and culture.

To improve individual health with more walking and bicycle use and less driving.

To ultimately (just before the price of our necessary fossil fuel supplies rises to an undue percentage of our annual income), provide all necessary access services using sustainable energy sources.

To improve regional and national transportation connections within the City's existing facilities.

To have implemented improved planning to reduce transport needs.

To have improved network coordination.

To have supported environmentally friendly modes.

To have reduced the use of cars (vehicle-miles traveled and number of trips) by 10%.

To reduce the number of parking spaces by 10%

To have large increases in transit ridership.

To reduce transportation-generated air pollution to levels that can be assimilated by the biosphere.

To increase residential and commercial density in neighborhoods with better transit service.

To create a situation in which people enjoy the walk through their neighborhood to transit and enjoy their ride with others on public transit.

To increase the number of trips made by bicycle or on foot.

To have coordinated connections with a non-polluting regional rail network.

To have connections with a non-polluting high-speed rail network.

Educate people about what their cars really cost them in money and hours of work.

Stop building new garages with public funds from any city, State or federal agency.

Use all funds from City parking and fines to help pay for Muni operations.

Install all-day meters or sell expensive parking permits for the many curbside parking spaces in commercial areas and spots near residential areas that are not used by residents, but are currently used mainly by commuters. Or achieve this through new technology that eliminates meters.

Impose minimum daily per-stall parking fees on all parking lots and garages. (This will help collect more of the parking tax that is due from small cash lots.)

Eliminate free parking for City employees and elected officials.

Find additional sources for funding for Muni operations (such as the Downtown Assessment District).

Increase the supply of secure bicycle parking spaces and well-marked, safe bicycle commute routes.

Improve Muni service by a) reducing overcrowding and graffiti, and b) improving transfers between Muni and regional services.

Eliminate the parking-space requirement for commercial and new housing in some San Francisco neighborhoods.

Increase parking fees, meter rates, and parking taxes.

Impose an authorized City increase in the gasoline tax.

Collect a parking tax equivalent on commercial and employer-provided free parking spaces.

Reduce the price of Muni Fast Passes.

Reduce the price of Muni fares.

Charge our elected officials at the regional, State and federal levels to:

Increase tolls on the Bay and Golden Gate bridges.

Increase State, federal, and regional gasoline taxes.

Increase requirements for accident insurance: a) "pay at the pump," b) no auto license without insurance coverage, c) impounding uninsured autos.

Ridership on Muni and regional transit to San Francisco.

Automobile registration in San Francisco.

Gasoline sales in San Francisco.

Number of gridlocked streets during commute rush hour.

Air quality indicators [see that section]

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Water and Wastewater

GOALS

OBJECTIVES FOR THE YEAR 2001

(5-year plan)

LONG-TERM OBJECTIVES TO REACH SUSTAINABILITY ACTIONS

INDICATORS

(arrow points in direction of change for the better)

To establish reliable drinking water supply and quality.

To establish consistent water pricing.

To use wastewater for the greatest possible number of uses that can be shifted from Hetch Hetchy water.

To assure that water delivered to San Francisco is safe from potential contaminants such as herbicides and pesticides. It should be of sufficient quality that it will not corrode water pipes, which could put excessive amounts of copper, lead or other metals into the water.

To limit the chemicals used in water treatment and storage to only what is necessary to meet safe drinking water standards.

To establish conservative estimates of available water supplies, accounting for prolonged periods of drought.

To include in estimates of available water supplies the need to support all water users and maintain regional biodiversity.

To protect urban watersheds from development that could have an impact on the resource.

To protect groundwater from contamination and salt-water intrusion.

To monitor and control withdrawals of groundwater to assure groundwater availability and quality for periods of drought and create an adequate emergency supply.

To reduce water consumption and maximize the use of recycled water.

To maintain water storage and conveyance structures in good repair.

Wastewater Goals

To encourage wastewater recycling. To assist in improving the quality of the San Francisco Bay and the Pacific Ocean water discharges should be cleaner than the background quality of these water bodies.

To reduce liquid wastes at the source rather than through the chemical treatment processes.

To eliminate toxic chemicals at water pollution control plants.

To ensure that water pollution does not occur from discharges from the solid waste stream. (i.e., the garbage).

To reduce the adverse impacts of storm-water runoff into San Francisco Bay and the Pacific Ocean.

To have increased re-use of treated wastewater by 10%.

To have increased the number of dual-plumbing systems by 5% per year over the preceding five years.

To have increased reuse and/or sales of reclaimed wastewater byproducts by 10% a year.

To have established a conservation and reclamation demonstration project in a medium-density residential apartment building, an industrial park, a major school facility and a medium downtown commercial building.

To have established one potable water reuse demonstration project.

To have performed commercial water conservation audits for 20% of San Francisco businesses.

To increase wastewater usage to 95% of total discharge.

To have fitted all possible residences and institutions with gray-water recycling systems.

To reuse and/or sell reclaimed wastewater byproducts of 95% of wastewater generated.

To have reduced water use to the point at which it is equal to the local supply.

To have eliminated the use of toxic materials in the transportation sector such that street storm water run-off will not be a hazard to aquatic life in the Bay or in the Pacific Ocean.

To have set up systems to utilize storm water for local water supply

Reclaim and reuse wastewater for irrigation, non-potable industrial operations and production processes, and for recharging groundwater aquifers

Promote demand-side management practices such as conservation, gray water reuse, wastewater reclamation and reuse

Locally reuse and/or sell reclaimed wastewater byproducts

Integrate water supply and quality, and wastewater reclamation planning into ongoing City planning processes.

Create, develop, and implement conservation and reclamation demonstration projects with federal, State and local public and private sector resources to replicate throughout the City.

Establish water pricing with incentives for lower consumption and credits for dual plumbing retrofitting

Create, develop, and implement a potable water reuse demonstration project with federal, State and local public- and private-sector resources.

Implement full protection real-time water quality monitoring for pathogens and other problems at supply sources and points of discharge.

Repair current storage and conveyance infrastructure to prevent loss and pollution (e.g., salt water) intrusion.

Require new housing and commercial facilities to show sustainable water availability for a 20-year period.

Develop a plan to eliminate storm water overflows using environmentally responsive solutions, e.g., reopening of creeks to allow storm water flows directly to the Bay and Pacific Ocean.

Decentralize the wastewater treatment system where appropriate with innovative natural technology.

Water use per capita

Percentage of wastewater reused

Percentage of public landscaping in drought-resistant plantings

Volume of stored water

Percentage of public schools including water management issues in curriculum

Volume of water discharged into San Francisco Bay and ocean

Number of times out of compliance with State potable water quality standards

Number of times out of compliance with State discharged water quality standards

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